This case study asks students to synthesize data about the gender patenting gap with debates over patenting and arguments about the commercialization of science. For this case, students read a short briefing paper (Milli et al. 2016), a short piece representing the pro-patent vs. anti-patent debate (Science Business, 2016), the paper, “Patenting and the Gender Gap: Should Women Be Encouraged to Patent More?” by and Inmaculada de Melo-Martin (2013). Students write short arguments that combine empirical data on patenting with arguments about women’s performance in STEM fields and the commercialization of science. An optional stage asks students to give and receive feedback on each other’s responses.