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Zoekresultaten (22)

HBO/WO

MBO

21 juli 2026

Introduction to Stochastic Hydrology

Hydrologic systems are both complex and extremely heterogeneous in time and space. As hydrological models are simplified versions of reality, their predictions are by definition subject to uncertainty. The field of stochastic hydrology focuses on quantifying this uncertainty along with prediction. This book aims to present an overview of the field of stochastic hydrology at an introductory level. A wide range of topics and methods will be treated, while each topic and method is only treated at a basic level: descriptive statistics; probability and random variables; hydrological statistics and extremes; random functions; time series analysis; geostatistics; forward stochastic modeling; and state prediction and Kalman filtering. The book can be used for a 10-15-week course at third-year undergraduate or first-year graduate level.

Document

Marc F.P. Bierkens

19 december 2025

Self-study module Introduction to Plant Biology - Abiotic stress

This self-study module is part of the series ‘Introduction to Plant Biology’ and introduces abiotic stress in plants and explains how plants cope with and adapt to challenging environmental conditions. It is designed for students learning basic plant biology and for teachers seeking clear figures and explanations for educational use. The module covers key abiotic stresses - heat, cold, flooding, drought, salinity, and high light intensity - and examines the physiological, structural, and adaptive strategies plants use to survive and grow under these conditions.

Document

Elysa Overdijk, Anniek Oosterwijk, Kayla Delvers

1 oktober 2025

An analysis of the current developments and scenarios for the transition to a fossil-free energy society this century

This century, greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides must be significantly reduced. Greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared radiation that contributes to global warming, which can lead to irreversible negative consequences for humans and the environment. Greenhouse gases are caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas, but livestock farming and agriculture are also to blame. In addition, deforestation contributes to more greenhouse gases. Of the natural greenhouse gases, water vapor is the main cause of the greenhouse effect, accounting for 90%. The remaining 10% is caused from high to low by carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone. In addition, there are industrial greenhouse gases such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride that contribute to the greenhouse effect too. Greenhouse gases are a major cause of climate change, with far-reaching consequences for the welfare of humans and animals. In some regions, extreme weather events like rainfall are more common, while others are associated with more extreme heat waves and droughts. Sea level rise caused by melting ice and an increase in forest fires are undesirable effects of climate change. Countries in low-lying areas fear that sea level rise will force their populations to move to the higher-lying areas. Climate change is affecting the entire world. An estimated 30-40% o f the carbon dioxide released by the combustion of fossil fuels dissolves into the surface water, resulting in an increased concentration of hydrogen ions. This causes the seawater to become more acidic, resulting in a decreasing of carbonate ions. Carbonate ions are an important building block for forming and maintaining calcium carbonate structures of organisms such as oysters, mussels, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, and calcareous plankton.

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Folkert Koopman

30 april 2025

PFAS – Persistent Micropollutants in the Water Cycle

This report presents the final course material that was developed for the online learning module on persistent micropollutants – PFAS. The document can be used as a stand-alone manual to fully individually follow the entire course, from week to week. It includes the links to the video materials that were developed for the course within the project, fully integrated within the reading material. The course forms a bridge between scientists and professionals working in the water cycle. So far, the information on PFAS has been available in a scattered manner, making it difficult for non-experts to get a complete introductory overview. This course was designed to compile information on PFAS through the water cycle, from production to use and final treatment. The course is built up in an intuitive way: it starts with a general introduction on the origin, chemistry and nomenclature of PFAS; national standards and reported concentrations in the urban water cycle are presented; analytics are explained; the course concludes with technologies for separation and final destruction of PFAS. Each chapter (or week) contains written textbook material, videos and additional reading material. Development of the course has been a co-production between PROMISCES and TU Delft, as TU Delft has an extensive educational support system including a professional recording studio and an expert learning assessment system for engineering education. All materials including videos are freely available for the general public. If the learner wants the full experience of having virtual classmates, get access to all exercises and receive a certificate and credit points after successful completion of the course, one can register at online-learning.tudelft.nl. The course was developed by two environmental engineers with a professional educational background (Mariska Ronteltap and Kim Lompe). The educational videos include knowledge clips (recorded lectures in a studio), videos in laboratories, interviews with PROMISCES project partners and videos on location. To be able to follow the course a basic understanding of chemistry is required; other than that, the course is fully understandable for non-experts. Collaboration between TU Delft, Delfland Water Authority, and the EU Project PROMISCES.

Document

Kim Maren Lompe, Mariska Ronteltap

30 september 2024

Embracing the Future of the Wadden Sea Landscapes

This book focuses on the design works of landscape architecture schools. It collects some materials from the exhibition “Embracing the Future of the Wadden Sea Landscapes. Voices and Imageries from Students and Educators,” which was held at the De Kanselarij in Leeuwarden as part of the 2023 Landscape Architecture Triennale. Students and educators from TU Delft, Amsterdam Academy of Architecture, Wageningen University, and Hanze Academy of Architecture presented design results and ideas on the future of the Wadden Sea coasts and landscapes, from the sea to the coast to the rural and urban inland areas.

Document

Laura Cipriani

17 mei 2023

What is Groundwater

Basic terminology and visualisation of groundwater

Video

kees.blok@wur.nl

16 februari 2021

Save the city: Maputo Resilience Game

This game models how Maputo responds to shocks and stresses and strives to increase its resilience from 2020 through 2050. There are four subsystems in the game: agriculture, health care, society and culture, and infrastructure. Each subsystem represents an important part of the city and should try to increase their resilience through developing and maintaining adaptation measures. Each measure has a different effect on the resilience of a subsystem. There are a range of shocks and stresses that can disrupt the city. The game takes time, the government’s budget, probability, and cooperation into account to represent some of the complex factors at play real world.

Document

Anika Vroom, Steven Lin, Nils Hoebe, Ananya Yuvaraj

5 oktober 2020

Droughts in Rotterdam

With Climate Change, the frequency and intensity of droughts hitting the city of Rotterdam is increasing with time. 2019 was the third consecutive dry year in a row. With drought, comes a number of problems such as low water level in the Maas river which is the biggest source of drinking water for the city of Rotterdam (80%) and it effects the water quality, reduction in shipping capacity, weakening of dikes, salt intrusion, lowering of groundwater level which could lead to subsidence, etc. A concept map provided in the report highlights the STE (Social, Technological & Ecological) impacts of droughts on the city of Rotterdam. Possible solution practices include increasing the infiltration capacity of the city through blue-green networks, bioswales, vertical gardens, spraying water on dikes, building rainwater harvesting and storage infrastructure. Importance should also be given to the ethical implications of the solution strategies and also the usage of monitoring techniques to help mitigate any adverse effects of a potential disaster. The report also includes some links for further reading which covers a wide horizon of topics related to the effect and mitigation of droughts on the city of Rotterdam and the scope of public private responsibilities for climate change.

Document

Divvay Mehta

5 oktober 2020

Land subsidence in Jakarta

The most threatening stress of Jakarta is the land subsidence following the rise in sea levels and river/coastal flooding. There is increased risk of flooding and land stresses in the densely populated areas of Jakarta, which lead to increased land subsidence and due to the improved standards of living and earning of their people, ultimately leading to over-population in the coastal and in the entire city area of Jakarta, respectively. There is a need of proper waste management system, also to diminish the risk of agriculture/crop failures. The main solution responsibility lies in the hands of the Government while implementing their policies by proper cooperation and coordination with the various stakeholders as well keeping the residents of Jakarta aware and informed. Proper drainage systems, proper placements of Dykes in necessary areas, and encouraging the residents to construct local water storage bodies in their homes targeting rainwater harvesting would be some of the main solution strategies. There will be an increase in the demand for meeting the GDP caused due to the rehabilitation costs or costs related to relocation of the people to less-stressed areas. Strict monitoring of the areas undergoing land subsidence, environmental checks in the industries, making the migration procedures much more rigid and strict, putting checks in people who completely depend on groundwater and encouraging them to use alternative methods for collecting drinking water should be the main target for the settlement of such stresses.

Document

Maitry Phukan

5 oktober 2020

Water supply in Cape Town

The potential stress that Cape Town is facing, is a significant shortage of water supply. However, this is not a new challenge for the South-African city, as it experienced the water crisis from 2017/2018. This fact might ease the study case, because the following consequences and problems are known from the crisis that occurred. On the other hand, it also makes the case more interesting: what are the lessons learned from the first crisis? How could this have happened? And should a different approach be maintained if this were to happen again? This report tried to answer these questions, by first examining the effects on the urban network. The following most important stresses and shocks have been found here; the collapse of the sanitation system, straining the health care system. The negative impact on the economy, due to the setback of tourism, agriculture and water taxes. Furthermore, the social inequality in Cape Town would exacerbate as water would become a high-valued product. Secondly, the attempt has been made to answer how the probability of this crisis will change as a result of climate change, which does not give a good prospect. Finally, several possible solutions are investigated, from which a sustainable way of re-using water in combination with the construction of aquifers could be a crucial solution.

Document

Charlotte Raven