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HBO/WO

MBO

6 juli 2026

Thirst for Justice: The International Court of Justice

This textbook goes beyond a straightforward account of the International Court of Justice. At its heart lies a deeper question: does the work of the ICJ retain meaningful relevance for the world community, and if so, does it do so despite the emerging dynamics of a multipolar world order, or perhaps precisely because of them? To answer that question, the book takes a deliberately judicial approach. The bulk of its pages are devoted to the close examination of some of the most significant cases in the Court’s entire history, including those of its predecessor, the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ). In doing so, it uncovers what are often the best-kept secrets of this venerable institution: its actual judgments, and what they reveal about the evolution of international law across the decades. Three chapters structure the work around the Court’s past, present, and future. The opening chapter traces the history of the ICJ from its institutional roots, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) and the PCIJ, through the exceptional and often turbulent arc of the twentieth century. Written in accessible language, it introduces readers to the Court’s main functions, its composition, and its structure, offering a nuanced portrait of an institution that came of age during one of history’s most consequential periods. The cases examined in the two subsequent chapters were selected through a rigorous process involving a broad pool of experienced international lawyers. In total, fourteen cases and one Advisory Opinion are analysed, proceedings that have already shaped the international legal order and are likely to continue doing so in matters of considerable consequence. Dit leerboek gaat verder dan een rechtlijnige beschrijving van het Internationaal Gerechtshof (ICJ). Centraal staat een diepere vraag: behoudt het werk van het ICJ een wezenlijke betekenis voor de internationale gemeenschap, en zo ja, doet het dat ondanks de opkomende dynamiek van een multipolaire wereldorde, of misschien juist dankzij die dynamiek? Om die vraag te beantwoorden, kiest het boek bewust voor een rechterlijke benadering. Het grootste deel van het boek is gewijd aan een nauwgezette analyse van enkele van de belangrijkste zaken uit de volledige geschiedenis van het Hof, waaronder die van zijn voorganger, het Permanente Hof van Internationale Justitie (PCIJ). Daarbij worden de vaak best bewaarde geheimen van deze eerbiedwaardige instelling blootgelegd: haar daadwerkelijke uitspraken en wat deze onthullen over de ontwikkeling van het internationaal recht door de decennia heen. Drie hoofdstukken structureren het werk rond het verleden, het heden en de toekomst van het Hof. Het openingshoofdstuk schetst de geschiedenis van het ICJ, vanaf zijn institutionele wortels – waaronder het Permanente Hof van Arbitrage (PCA) en het PCIJ – tot aan de uitzonderlijke en vaak turbulente ontwikkeling van de twintigste eeuw. In toegankelijke taal maakt het de lezer vertrouwd met de belangrijkste taken, de samenstelling en de structuur van het Hof, en biedt het een genuanceerd beeld van een instelling die tot volle wasdom kwam tijdens een van de meest ingrijpende perioden uit de wereldgeschiedenis. De zaken die in de twee daaropvolgende hoofdstukken worden behandeld, zijn geselecteerd via een zorgvuldig proces waarbij een brede groep ervaren internationaal juristen betrokken was. In totaal worden veertien zaken en één advies (Advisory Opinion) geanalyseerd: procedures die de internationale rechtsorde reeds diepgaand hebben beïnvloed en naar verwachting ook in de toekomst richtinggevend zullen blijven voor vraagstukken van groot internationaal belang.

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Mónica García-Salmones Rovira

8 april 2026

ACA-bot

ACA-bot is an engaging chatbot designed for Automated Conversational Assessment (ACA). Drawing inspiration from traditional oral exams, this text-based conversational agent transforms assessment into a dynamic learning experience. It supports both formative and summative evaluation by offering students personalised feedback and guidance at every step of their learning journey. The first ACA-bot prototype focuses on assessing students’ understanding of basic statistical concepts, but its flexible design allows for easy adaptation to a wide range of subjects and learning contexts. Through interactive dialogue, students can practise explaining ideas clearly under exam-like conditions, apply their knowledge to new and challenging questions, and refine their reasoning as they respond to follow-up prompts. They gain valuable insights into their own understanding, identify areas for improvement, and gradually build confidence for both oral and written assessments. For educators, ACA-bot offers a powerful way to scale oral examinations and enhance formative assessment without increasing workload. It automates parts of the assessment process, provides structured and actionable insights into student performance, and opens the door to more personal, interactive feedback at scale. By combining the strengths of conversational AI and educational assessment, ACA-bot turns evaluation into a collaborative, insightful process. It empowers students to think aloud, reason more effectively, and grow, while giving educators a smarter, more innovative way to understand and support learning. ACA-bot is een slimme en inspirerende chatbot die onderwijs en Artificial Intelligence samenbrengt. Geïnspireerd door het klassieke mondelinge examen tilt deze tekstgebaseerde gespreksagent Automated Conversational Assessment naar een nieuw niveau. Studenten krijgen via natuurlijke gesprekken directe, persoonlijke feedback en begeleiding, waardoor leren en toetsen samenvloeien in één boeiende ervaring. Het prototype van ACA-bot is ontwikkeld om kennis over statistiek te beoordelen, maar dankzij het flexibele ontwerp kan het systeem eenvoudig worden aangepast aan andere vakgebieden en toepassingen. Tijdens interactieve dialogen leren studenten helder uitleg geven, hun kennis toepassen op nieuwe vragen en hun redenering aanscherpen. Ze ontdekken waar hun begrip nog verdiept kan worden en groeien zichtbaar in zelfvertrouwen — waardevolle voorbereiding op zowel mondelinge als schriftelijke examens. Ook voor docenten biedt ACA-bot een slimme oplossing. Het maakt mondelinge toetsing schaalbaar, ondersteunt formatieve beoordeling via gesprek, en vermindert de werkdruk door delen van het beoordelingsproces te automatiseren. Bovendien geeft het gestructureerde inzichten in de voortgang en denkwijze van studenten, waardoor elke dialoog bijdraagt aan beter onderwijs. ACA-bot laat zien hoe Automated Conversational Assessment het leren persoonlijker, interactiever en effectiever maakt. Studenten denken hardop, verkennen hun eigen begrip, en verbeteren met vertrouwen — terwijl docenten op een innovatieve, datagedreven manier inzicht krijgen in hoe kennis werkelijk wordt begrepen.

App

Aki Härmä, Julie Bauer

7 november 2025

The Matter of Hospitals

This book invites readers to discover never-before-told stories of hospitals through an unusual assortment of materials, offering a unique and timely glimpse into one of society’s most feared, essential, and sensorially rich institutions. Hospitals, with their distinctive smells, acute pain, births, writhing bodies, incessant beeping, endless waiting, cardboard food and never-ending corridors, have fascinated writers for centuries. Edited by the prize-winning author of A Sensory Education and Making Sense of Medicine, this book shares a never-before-told story of hospitals through an unusual collection of objects. A great deal that matters happens in hospitals – from new life to the end of life. There is also a great deal of matter, in its material form, within hospitals. Sometimes there is too much: when we see the mountains of clinical waste with dirty syringes and used gloves. Sometimes there is too little: when we saw empty pharmacy shelves during the pandemic. More often, matter circulates in ways that are taken for granted, invisible yet critical to how hospitals function. Each essay in this book takes the matter of hospitals as a starting point to explore broader themes. Organised alphabetically, The Matter of Hospitals investigates what we can learn from the institution’s materiality about creativity, waste, patient care, community, attention and design. From ‘A’ for atmosphere to ‘Z’ for zips, each essay is a close sensory study of what seem, on the surface, to be mundane things. Beautifully illustrated with artistic photographs and hand-drawn illustrations by the editor, The Matter of Hospitals offers an inspiring and unique examination of the stuff that so many of us take for granted, in a place that we never do.

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Anna Harris

26 oktober 2025

Comparative Analysis of the Glass Plate Design

In this video, Ivana Rakić presents a comparative analysis of the economic impact of designing glass elements according to different standards, focusing on the new European draft standard FprEN 19100-1(2,3):2023, the existing EN 16612:2019, and the American ASTM E1300-16. The study examines common double-glazed insulating units under wind load, using the minimal required glass thickness for loadbearing resistance as the key comparison criterion. The results indicate that for annealed glass, all three standards yield similar economic outcomes. However, for heat-treated glass like heat-strengthened and thermally toughened glass, the new FprEN 19100 standard leads to a lower capacity utilisation factor, making it the most economical design choice, while the ASTM standard is the least economical. The analysis concludes that the choice of standard significantly influences design economy and highlights the need for further research incorporating factors like safety and long-term performance for a more comprehensive understanding. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Ivana Rakić and Nebojša Buljan for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Ivana Rakić, Nebojša Buljan

2 oktober 2025

Come to Your Senses

Seeing, tasting, smelling, hearing, feeling. After early education, sensory skills are rarely trained directly, but most professionals naturally develop them with practice. Come to Your Senses provides direct exercises that will help sharpen your and your students’ senses so that they can utilize them in their professional and personal lives. Senses-based learning is a pedagogical methodology that focuses on exploring and developing sensory awareness and skills, and critically reflecting on their importance in education, research and professional practice. Based on the research carried out at Maastricht University between 2021 and 2024, Emilie Sitzia, Elene Kadagidze and Tânia A. Cardoso show how to use your senses in a fun, visual manner. From Cookie Explosions and Visual Journalism to Sensory Mapping, with unique exercises different experts this guide demonstrates how to implement senses-based learning in your classes or everyday life. This open textbook functions as a manual on how to implement senses-based learning within and outside academia. Come to Your Senses re-balances and reasserts the importance of sensory skills in tertiary education and professional practice through interventions in the existing curriculum in the form of designed learning units, learning resources and activities.

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Emilie Sitzia, Elene Kadagidze, Tânia A. Cardoso

15 september 2025

FiReGlass - Glass beams with defined fire resistance

In this recorded presentation from glasstec 2024, Maximilian Möckel, from TU Dresden, discusses fire resistent glass beams. In the construction industry, the application of load-bearing laminated safety glass (LSG), such as glass beams or glass columns, is of particular importance in terms of preventive structural fire protection. LSG with a transformation temperature of individual components of up to 550 °C conse-quently loses its load-bearing capacity. In co-operation between Hero Fire GmbH, Taupitz GmbH & Co. KG and the Institute of Building Construction of the TUD Dresden University of Technology, LSG-beams were developed for use as load-bearing elements with defined fire resistance. The newly developed FiReGlass beam compris-es a load-bearing LSG core, which is protected from the fire exposure by two protection systems. The glass surfaces and lower glass edges are protected by an all-round protection system compris-ing fire protection gel and sacrificial panes. This system is integrated into the support structure. These new developments enable the realization of comprehensive fire protection and defined fire resistance. For further details, please refer to the linked publication. Special thanks to Messe Düsseldorf GmbH for providing the footage, and to Maximilian Möckel for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Maximilian Möckel

2 juli 2025

Data Analysis and visualization BML

Learning Outcomes You can explain the fundamental concepts of data, including data types, data structures, and the importance of data quality, and you can apply these concepts in the context of both Excel and R. You can import data from various sources (such as CSV, TXT, Excel files) into both Excel and R, and you are able to select the appropriate methods and functions for different data formats and structures. You can clean and prepare data for analysis in both Excel and R by applying techniques for identifying and handling missing values, outliers, inconsistencies, and duplicates. You can apply and interpret various data analysis functions in both Excel and R, including determining minimum and maximum values, calculating percentiles, selecting specific data based on criteria, applying conditional formatting to visually identify patterns, and sorting data to gain insights. You can create effective data visualizations in both Excel and R (such as bar charts, line charts, pie charts, and box plots) to communicate patterns, trends, and relationships in data, and you can customize the visualizations for a clear and purpose-driven presentation. Duration: 18 lessons (5EC).

Website

Jurre Hageman

1 juli 2025

AI as a science - course manual

AI as a Science aims to highlight how research involving “artificial intelligence” can be considered scientific, and what that means for us as scholars engaged in this — and related — areas of study. During the course, we will explore answers to questions such as: What is AI? What role do scientists play in the development of AI? And vice versa: what role do AI researchers play in the scientific investigations of computation, artificial intelligence, and intelligence more broadly? Do such roles come with responsibilities and ethical duties? We will explore these questions dialogically (i.e., through dialogue, discussions, and presentations), as well as through lectures. Perspectives will include critical, historical, sociological, and philosophical angles. We will touch on: The history of AI, going as far back as ancient Chinese and Greek civilizations; future projections, including the possibility of another "AI winter." Ultimately, you will aim to answer for yourselves: Is AI a science? Can it be? Will it be? The course will be examined through: Group presentation – You will be split into teams to create a presentation (see Presentation). The presentation combines: Group collaboration, An individual (or more than one person’s) presentation (10 minutes max). Final essay – You may choose a topic related to the course and aligned with your background or interests (see Essay). The essay will take the form of a literature review or journal-style article, aiming to: Deepen and/or broaden your knowledge on one or more topics from the course, Allow you to zoom in or out and develop your own unique perspective. Learning Goals: AI as a Science aims to teach you — and for you to teach yourselves — how to: Define science and AI, critically and in your own words. Understand the historical context of AI: When did AI or AI-like disciplines and ideas emerge? Understand the current state of AI and explore possible futures: Is time a flat circle when it comes to recurring “AI winters”?

Document

Olivia Guest

10 maart 2025

EPIFFANI Project Results

These are the combined results for the EPIFFANI Project by Prof. Nicolas Mangin. This project was funded buy SURF's Stimuleringsregeling open en online onderwijs. The aim of the project was to build and test a set of four open source applications for R/integration into the LMS, which allowed teachers to easily automate formative testing through IT solutions. With these applications, teachers can easily and quickly create automate the processing of making tests with personalized feedback for students. The results have three elements: A full project report, which provides context for the creation and creation process A link to Youtube video demonstration of the tools, made for the University of Groningen's education festival 2022 A link to the Github page of project lead Nicolas Mangin. On this page, all the packages can be downloaded, and documentation and instruction are available All tools are licensed under a GPL-3 license, but as this license is not available, it has been noted as CC BY-SA here.

Document

Nicolas Mangin

4 september 2024

Organisational Guide Interdisciplinary Education

This guide is aimed at teachers that are looking to (re-)develop interdisciplinary or interdepartmental/interfaculty education. In addition it is useful for those teachers that intend to develop multi- or transdisciplinary educational initiatives that will have to work across departmental or faculty boundaries. This guide comprises the entire organizational design-, execution-, and evaluation process for educational endeavours. In addition, significant attention is given to the development of the content of the education, which is a process that may take place simultaneously with the organizational development, or take place separately. Content matters can be found in step 4. We recommend reading this guide in its entirety before starting with step 1. Although the steps are placed in a recommended order, in practice steps might overlap (in time) with others. Also, it will be beneficial per se to have an overview of ‘what’s to come’ before embarking on an educational (re-)development journey. The process of creating this guide is ongoing. We cannot anticipate every scenario, nor can overlook specific details. Therefore, if you run into any questions, or discover omissions that need to be remedied or added, discuss it with your colleagues and please be so kind as to alert the developers of this guide Caspar Schoevaars (c.m.schoevaars@uu.nl) or Margreet van der Ham (m.h.vanderham@uu.nl). Corrections, suggestions, gratitude and additional best practices are always welcomed!

Document

Programma Interdisciplinair Onderwijs