Ga naar de startpagina
Zoek leermateriaalKennis & expertiseCommunities
NL|EN
Privacy policyDeelnemende instellingen
Creative CommonsCreative Commons AttributionSURFFunded by the European Union

Filteren

Zoekresultaten (5)

HBO/WO

MBO

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Santiago

This trend report looks into the effect of air pollution on the urban network of Santiago, the capital of Chile. Air pollution is caused by several anthropogenic factors and enhanced by the specific topographic and meteorological circumstances in Santiago. The sources of air pollution are outlined and quantified and several suggestions to mitigate these sources are given. These suggestions can create social inequality, this is an ethical implication that is looked at. A solution strategy in the form of a monitoring network consisting of cheap IoT sensors is presented.

Document

Gijs Vis

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Jakarta

In the recent years Jakarta has infamously reached the top 10 of most polluted cities in the world. Due to an increase in population, climate change, modernization and industrialization of Indonesia and Jakarta. The main sources of its pollution are vehicle emissions, heavy industry, burning of organic matter, construction and dust, and its citizens now have carry the burden. After large increases in disease, deaths and economic costs the cities regulators have finally accepted that measurements have to be taken and, together with NGO’s, taken action in the form of measurements and a roadmap to 2030. In the plan, vast infrastructural projects are proposed to improve connectivity in the city and encourage the use of public transport. Furthermore, plans to implement and enforce emission standards and regulations for private vehicles and heavy industry are proposed. Finally, they plan to handle Jakartas large waste crisis in the suburbs and informal housing, which is currently mostly burned, as citizens see no other way to dispose of it. The regulators plans are ambitious, and will certainly improve the standard of living for the whole city after completion. However, during its implementation it will have vast consequences for thousands of citizens as these infrastructure projects will require the demolition of thousands of houses. If new regulations and policies are too restrictive it can harm the lower-class citizens and economic growth. A final problem is finance, the plans are not only ambitious, they are also incredibly expensive. It will require the cooperation of the private and public sector, as well the intergovernmental cooperation between different branches to ensure these plans can be successful. Fortunately, the air quality is easy to measure, as the stations used in previous air quality monitoring studies, together with the enforcement of emission standards can be used to monitor how the air quality will increase as each phase of the plan is implemented. A careful balance and timeline has to be crafted to implement new regulations and infrastructure projects, but in the end, the citizens will reap the benefit.

Document

Jasper Krijn

5 oktober 2020

Air Pollution in Tokyo

This report investigates the effect of air pollution on Tokyo. The global effects of air pollution on human health and environment are mentioned. Next, the historical context and current status of air pollution in Tokyo are mentioned and evaluated. The most impacted sector is identified, and projections are made how these effects will develop under climate change until 2050. In addition, the current ethical consequences of the presence of the shock are identified. Next, different solution strategies are found and evaluated, including policy based and technological solutions. Technologies mentioned are hydrogen and urban vegetation. Policies include increased laws and regulations, or increased investment in public transport. Lastly, the ethical consequences of these solutions strategies are mentioned, as well as the resources needed for monitoring of the effectiveness of these solution strategies. A potential stress is the increased negative effect on human health by the deterioration the air quality, making people unable to breath the air in the most affected areas. The most present solution strategies include lowering the amount of exhaust fumes, lowering the amount of air pollutants released by industrial activity, and the capture of already present pollutants by urban vegetation.

Document

Sjoerd Heegstra

24 februari 2019

The Haze in everyday city life

Over the past few years, public concern about the health effects of air pollution has increased considerably in China. PM2.5 became a buzzword online and the state of the air quality is a common topic of discussion among citizens. The attention to air pollution and PM2.5 has been fostered by a number of events: The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, the US Embassy that started tweeting in 2008, PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, the APEC-conference in 2014, and the launch of the documentary ‘Under the Dome’ in 2015. To get a sense of the impact of the haze on citizens’ everyday lives, we visited some of Beijing’s citizens. We discussed the air quality in their city and how they try to mitigate the negative effects of air pollution. In the next video, you will meet Mrs. Ying. Like many of Beijing’s citizens, she lives with her family and child in an apartment building in a dense urban area. Fan Yechao, PhD candidate in environmental sociology at Renmin University of China, will ask her how she experiences the haze and how she tries to mitigate its negative effects on her and her child. She shows you the facemasks she wears when pollution levels are high and her air purifiers, of which she has three in her apartment. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand and apply tools and methods for analyzing complex governance arrangements and for facilitating meaningful engagement in a multi-actor context. DURATION: 1 short video (~8 min long)

Website

Fan Yechao

14 oktober 2017

Citizens and Air Quality in Beijing

Towards the end of the previous video, Gert Spaargaren mentioned the recent increase in online activity by NGOs and Chinese citizens or so called ‘netizens’. Indeed, many Chinese citizens have at some point been engaged in monitoring and measuring air quality themselves. Last couple of years, different datasets and sometimes conflicting interpretations of air quality in China proliferated. The next video addresses the uncertainties with respect to air quality data and how citizens and the government deal with them. In an interview with Fan Yechao, you will learn what citizens in Beijing think of PM2.5 and how they perceive the ways in which air quality problems are addressed by the government. Do they believe that the Chinese government will be effective in creating a ‘blue sky that lasts’ above Beijing? LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand and apply tools and methods for analyzing complex governance arrangements and for facilitating meaningful engagement in a multi-actor context. DURATION: 1 short video (~6 min long)

Website

Gert Spaargaren