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Zoekresultaten (6)

HBO/WO

MBO

30 november 2023

Beyond the Spirit of Bandung: Philosophies of National Unity: Secular or Religious?

To order a paper copy of this book, please follow this link: https://www.boekenbestellen.nl/boek/beyond-the-spirit-of-bandung The 1955 Bandung Conference was an Asia-Africa forum, organized by Indonesia, Burma, India, the then Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Pakistan. Representatives of 29 independent Asian and African countries met in Bandung, Indonesia, to discuss matters ranging from national unity, cooperation, decolonization, peace, economic development and their role to play in international policy. The ten points’ declaration of the conference, the so-called ‘Spirit of Bandung’, included the principles of nationhood for the future of the newly independent nations and their interrelations. After the conference most ‘non-aligned’ Asian and African countries opted for philosophies of national unity to guarantee peace and stability. Much is required of a philosophy of national unity. It should connect and inspire citizens via shared ideals, provide a basis for equal citizenship, construct a national history and national identity, being the foundation for laws and institutions etc.. Nowadays, changed international relations have created a diversity of views on secular or religious philosophies of national unity. This development has only made the question of the role of religion in this post-secular era more pressing. In the context of the resurgence of religions, the Bandung conference marks the increasing relevance of the choice at the time for a secular or religious approach. In the African case of Tanzania, the Ujamaa philosophy was secular although Tanzania had a ‘civic religion’. In the Asian case of Indonesia, the philosophy of Pancasila was ‘religious pluralistic’ by recognizing six ‘official’ religions. In both this and other countries, the philosophies of national unity are now contested. Therefore, 68 years after the Bandung Conference, experts from Africa, Asia and Europe do critically answer the questions: What philosophy, secular or religious, succeeds or succeeded in promoting peace and stability? Are there comparable philosophies of national unity from other countries?

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Frans Dokman, Antoinette Kankindi

16 februari 2021

Survival: A resilience game on Jakarta, Indonesia

Resilience Game for the class Integrated Project

Document

Eunice Koid, Elif Basli, Jasper Krijn, Maitry Phukan, Sihan Wang

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Jakarta

In the recent years Jakarta has infamously reached the top 10 of most polluted cities in the world. Due to an increase in population, climate change, modernization and industrialization of Indonesia and Jakarta. The main sources of its pollution are vehicle emissions, heavy industry, burning of organic matter, construction and dust, and its citizens now have carry the burden. After large increases in disease, deaths and economic costs the cities regulators have finally accepted that measurements have to be taken and, together with NGO’s, taken action in the form of measurements and a roadmap to 2030. In the plan, vast infrastructural projects are proposed to improve connectivity in the city and encourage the use of public transport. Furthermore, plans to implement and enforce emission standards and regulations for private vehicles and heavy industry are proposed. Finally, they plan to handle Jakartas large waste crisis in the suburbs and informal housing, which is currently mostly burned, as citizens see no other way to dispose of it. The regulators plans are ambitious, and will certainly improve the standard of living for the whole city after completion. However, during its implementation it will have vast consequences for thousands of citizens as these infrastructure projects will require the demolition of thousands of houses. If new regulations and policies are too restrictive it can harm the lower-class citizens and economic growth. A final problem is finance, the plans are not only ambitious, they are also incredibly expensive. It will require the cooperation of the private and public sector, as well the intergovernmental cooperation between different branches to ensure these plans can be successful. Fortunately, the air quality is easy to measure, as the stations used in previous air quality monitoring studies, together with the enforcement of emission standards can be used to monitor how the air quality will increase as each phase of the plan is implemented. A careful balance and timeline has to be crafted to implement new regulations and infrastructure projects, but in the end, the citizens will reap the benefit.

Document

Jasper Krijn

5 oktober 2020

River flooding in Jakarta

Since 1949, Jakarta is facing massive industrial and urban growth due to new colonisations at the Ciliwung River’s mouth. As Jakarta became one of the most important industrial centres in Indonesia, devastating effects of river floods also increased. These two factors may seem irrelevant at first sight, but actually urbanization stimulates river flood events to increase. With changing land use due to rapid urbanization, soil permeability decreases, retention time of water in the environment decreases, deforestation occurs. Also, when changes in precipitation patterns are combined with these factors, Jakarta faces catastrophic effects of river flooding. One of the most important factors that increases the damage of these natural disasters is the lack of infrastructure with appropriate legislations. Applicable solution strategies to decrease the damage of flood on Jakarta includes; institutional measures such as new legislations and public education and technical measures such as infrastructure installation, watershed planning, wastewater management, natural resources management. From an environmental perspective, this study emphasizes river flooding problems of Jakarta and brings solutions on increasing the resilience of the city for a sustainable future.

Document

Elif Basli

5 oktober 2020

Population Growth in Jakarta, Indonesia

Population growth threatens Jakarta’s resilience as it exacerbates the effects of climate change and impacts the social, environmental, and technological systems in the urban network. This report investigates the problems Jakarta faces due to population growth, potential solution strategies, and ethical considerations. Solution strategies span the mobility, housing, natural resources, and economic spaces. Political and religious aspects of ethical considerations are explored as well as a proposed framework for monitoring the efficacy of solution strategies. Finally, recommendations for further reading and discussion questions are provided.

Document

Eunice Koid

5 oktober 2020

Land subsidence in Jakarta

The most threatening stress of Jakarta is the land subsidence following the rise in sea levels and river/coastal flooding. There is increased risk of flooding and land stresses in the densely populated areas of Jakarta, which lead to increased land subsidence and due to the improved standards of living and earning of their people, ultimately leading to over-population in the coastal and in the entire city area of Jakarta, respectively. There is a need of proper waste management system, also to diminish the risk of agriculture/crop failures. The main solution responsibility lies in the hands of the Government while implementing their policies by proper cooperation and coordination with the various stakeholders as well keeping the residents of Jakarta aware and informed. Proper drainage systems, proper placements of Dykes in necessary areas, and encouraging the residents to construct local water storage bodies in their homes targeting rainwater harvesting would be some of the main solution strategies. There will be an increase in the demand for meeting the GDP caused due to the rehabilitation costs or costs related to relocation of the people to less-stressed areas. Strict monitoring of the areas undergoing land subsidence, environmental checks in the industries, making the migration procedures much more rigid and strict, putting checks in people who completely depend on groundwater and encouraging them to use alternative methods for collecting drinking water should be the main target for the settlement of such stresses.

Document

Maitry Phukan