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HBO/WO

MBO

April 15, 2026

Curved Glass: An Industry Perspective

In this video, Ferran Figuerola, a third-generation leader of the nearly century-old family business Cricursa, traces curved glass from its traditional flat origins to its role in ambitious architectural facades. Curved glass is unique because it adapts to complex geometries, becoming exceptionally stiff and capable of resisting wind loads while offering dynamic light effects that change with the angle of light. Key challenges center on both manufacturing and logistics. The process requires specialized ovens, careful heat treatment choices, and precise molding or quenching techniques. Installing curved glass is trickier than flat glass because its three-dimensional shape demands specialized equipment and careful prediction of how the glass will behave when lifted or inclined. Beyond production, storing and shipping these unstable curved forms adds further difficulty. Figuerola emphasizes that despite nearly a century of shared experience, every day brings new learning opportunities and challenges. He explains how to anticipate unpredictable costs by accounting for risks and uncertainties in production. In extreme cases, five production attempts may yield solely one success. Yet surprises can go both ways: a complex glass ladder and slide created for Glasstec in Düsseldorf succeeded on the very first try, defying his own cautious expectations. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Ferran Figuerola and Cricursa for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Ferran Figuerola

April 8, 2026

ACA-bot

ACA-bot is an engaging chatbot designed for Automated Conversational Assessment (ACA). Drawing inspiration from traditional oral exams, this text-based conversational agent transforms assessment into a dynamic learning experience. It supports both formative and summative evaluation by offering students personalised feedback and guidance at every step of their learning journey. The first ACA-bot prototype focuses on assessing students’ understanding of basic statistical concepts, but its flexible design allows for easy adaptation to a wide range of subjects and learning contexts. Through interactive dialogue, students can practise explaining ideas clearly under exam-like conditions, apply their knowledge to new and challenging questions, and refine their reasoning as they respond to follow-up prompts. They gain valuable insights into their own understanding, identify areas for improvement, and gradually build confidence for both oral and written assessments. For educators, ACA-bot offers a powerful way to scale oral examinations and enhance formative assessment without increasing workload. It automates parts of the assessment process, provides structured and actionable insights into student performance, and opens the door to more personal, interactive feedback at scale. By combining the strengths of conversational AI and educational assessment, ACA-bot turns evaluation into a collaborative, insightful process. It empowers students to think aloud, reason more effectively, and grow, while giving educators a smarter, more innovative way to understand and support learning. ACA-bot is een slimme en inspirerende chatbot die onderwijs en Artificial Intelligence samenbrengt. Geïnspireerd door het klassieke mondelinge examen tilt deze tekstgebaseerde gespreksagent Automated Conversational Assessment naar een nieuw niveau. Studenten krijgen via natuurlijke gesprekken directe, persoonlijke feedback en begeleiding, waardoor leren en toetsen samenvloeien in één boeiende ervaring. Het prototype van ACA-bot is ontwikkeld om kennis over statistiek te beoordelen, maar dankzij het flexibele ontwerp kan het systeem eenvoudig worden aangepast aan andere vakgebieden en toepassingen. Tijdens interactieve dialogen leren studenten helder uitleg geven, hun kennis toepassen op nieuwe vragen en hun redenering aanscherpen. Ze ontdekken waar hun begrip nog verdiept kan worden en groeien zichtbaar in zelfvertrouwen — waardevolle voorbereiding op zowel mondelinge als schriftelijke examens. Ook voor docenten biedt ACA-bot een slimme oplossing. Het maakt mondelinge toetsing schaalbaar, ondersteunt formatieve beoordeling via gesprek, en vermindert de werkdruk door delen van het beoordelingsproces te automatiseren. Bovendien geeft het gestructureerde inzichten in de voortgang en denkwijze van studenten, waardoor elke dialoog bijdraagt aan beter onderwijs. ACA-bot laat zien hoe Automated Conversational Assessment het leren persoonlijker, interactiever en effectiever maakt. Studenten denken hardop, verkennen hun eigen begrip, en verbeteren met vertrouwen — terwijl docenten op een innovatieve, datagedreven manier inzicht krijgen in hoe kennis werkelijk wordt begrepen.

App

Aki Härmä, Julie Bauer

October 31, 2025

Bomb Blast Testing

In this video, Andrej Vorkapić details the engineering and testing processes behind bomb blast-resistant facades, explaining that such protection is needed for public buildings and high-risk sites due to threats from terrorism, military action, or accidental industrial explosions. The main danger is the air shock wave from a blast, characterized by its peak pressure and impulse. A successful facade must protect occupants and the main structure, prevent pressure penetration, and—critically—not generate hazardous fragments. While frames can be made from ductile materials like steel or aluminum, the brittle nature of glass is overcome by using laminated glass with a PVB interlayer, which holds the broken pieces in place. The most reliable validation method is physical testing, with two primary types discussed: the cost-effective but incomplete shock tube test and the expensive but highly realistic range test, which was successfully demonstrated on a full-scale sample designed to withstand a 200kg TNT car bomb simulation. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Andrej Vorkapić and Nebojša Buljan for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Andrej Vorkapić, Nebojša Buljan

October 12, 2025

Glass Sustainability: Reduce

In this video Mauro Overend and Rebecca Hartwell outline strategies to meet EU net-zero targets by addressing both demand-side and supply-side emissions. Demand-side approaches, influenced by designers, include using less material through efficient structural design, relaxing deflection limits to allow for thinner glass, and improving building energy performance with high-performance glazing. A key focus is increasing the use of recycled glass cullet, which can reduce melting energy and process emissions, though current post-consumer cullet use remains below 5%. Supply-side approaches involve the glass industry switching to low-carbon energy sources like hydrogen or electricity and exploring alternative raw materials to reduce process emissions. The video concludes that a combination of smarter design, increased recycling, and cleaner production is essential for reducing the glass sector's environmental footprint. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Mauro Overend and Rebecca Hartwell for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Mauro Overend, Rebecca Hartwell

October 12, 2025

Introduction to Environmental Sustainability in Glass

In this video Rebecca Hartwell outlines the two key factors for sustainable glass design: material efficiency and energy efficiency. Material efficiency focuses on reducing the environmental impact from production to end-of-life, guided by the "9R framework". Energy efficiency concerns the glass's role in reducing a building's operational energy for heating, cooling, and lighting. The video explains that while advancements like double glazing and low-E coatings have improved energy efficiency, they often create complex, multi-material assemblies that are difficult to disassemble and recycle. Consequently, unlike container glass, most post-consumer flat glass is rarely recycled and is often downcycled or landfilled. A whole life-cycle perspective, balancing embodied and operational carbon, is essential for a sustainable glass future. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Rebecca Hartwell for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Rebecca Hartwell

October 12, 2025

Glass Processing

In this video Martina Eliášová explains the various cold-working techniques used to cut and shape standard float glass panes after production. The video outlines that mechanical processing is a fundamental step all flat glass undergoes and includes key operations like cutting, grinding, and drilling. Several cutting methods are described: the traditional surface-cut and break method, diamond disc cutting for thicker glass, laser cutting, and water jet cutting, which has the advantage of avoiding thermal stress. The video also details edge grinding, a process crucial for safety, aesthetics, and increasing the glass's strength by removing micro-cracks from cutting. Furthermore, it covers drilling, typically performed with diamond-coated tubular drills, and notes the specific standards that govern hole placement and dimensions. A key point emphasized is that all mechanical processing must be completed before the glass undergoes any thermal tempering process. The video was produced by the Open GLASSroom project. Special thanks to Martina Eliášová for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Martina Eliasova

October 1, 2025

An analysis of the current developments and scenarios for the transition to a fossil-free energy society this century

This century, greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides must be significantly reduced. Greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared radiation that contributes to global warming, which can lead to irreversible negative consequences for humans and the environment. Greenhouse gases are caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas, but livestock farming and agriculture are also to blame. In addition, deforestation contributes to more greenhouse gases. Of the natural greenhouse gases, water vapor is the main cause of the greenhouse effect, accounting for 90%. The remaining 10% is caused from high to low by carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone. In addition, there are industrial greenhouse gases such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride that contribute to the greenhouse effect too. Greenhouse gases are a major cause of climate change, with far-reaching consequences for the welfare of humans and animals. In some regions, extreme weather events like rainfall are more common, while others are associated with more extreme heat waves and droughts. Sea level rise caused by melting ice and an increase in forest fires are undesirable effects of climate change. Countries in low-lying areas fear that sea level rise will force their populations to move to the higher-lying areas. Climate change is affecting the entire world. An estimated 30-40% o f the carbon dioxide released by the combustion of fossil fuels dissolves into the surface water, resulting in an increased concentration of hydrogen ions. This causes the seawater to become more acidic, resulting in a decreasing of carbonate ions. Carbonate ions are an important building block for forming and maintaining calcium carbonate structures of organisms such as oysters, mussels, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, and calcareous plankton.

Open (Access) Text Book

Folkert Koopman

September 24, 2025

Amateur Craft as Method-in-the-Making:

This research output documents a pandemic-era experiment in which academic researchers used knitting to record and reflect on their digital screen time, exploring craft as a critical research method and a tool for data sensitisation, feminist activism, and embodied knowledge making. Project Overview: A group of academics and amateur knitters from Maastricht University and partner institutions met online during 2020–2021, using knitting to document their own screen time over a week of lockdown. Their creative outputs—a collection of individually knitted rectangles—were later assembled as a tactile "knitted book" to display in arts and crafts contexts, as well as academic contexts. The project linked technofeminist thinking, craftivism, and artistic research practices, aiming to make visible both quantitative and qualitative aspects of technology use during social isolation. Main Topics and Learning Objectives: • Explore how amateur craftwork (knitting) can act as a research method to sensitise and interpret personal data. • Engage with concepts from technofeminism and critical craft studies to understand the role of tactile, embodied methodologies. • Foster social connection, experimentation, and reflection on digital dependency during the COVID-19 lockdown. • Develop awareness of how materials, technique, and individual interpretation shape both method and outcome in collaborative research. Audience: This work suits students, educators, and researchers interested in qualitative and artistic research methods, feminist theory, science and technology studies (STS), and creative digital-literacy pedagogies. It models interdisciplinary practice and encourages engagement with data, methodology, and making as interconnected experiential processes. Authors and Licensing: Authors: Denise Petzold (first and corresponding author), Laura Barendregt, Ruth Benschop, Anna Harris, Laudy van den Heuvel, Bernike Pasveer, Veerle Spronck, Sally Wyatt, affiliated with Maastricht University, TU Delft, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, and HKU University of Arts Utrecht. The text is suitable for publication in open educational repositories and supports open, collaborative engagement with academic craftwork. The pictures of the digitised version of the book were taken by Eric Bleize. Suggested Citation: “Amateur Craft as Method-in-the-Making: Experiments in Knitting Screen Time during a Pandemic” by Denise Petzold, Laura Barendregt, Ruth Benschop, Anna Harris, Laudy van den Heuvel, Bernike Pasveer, Veerle Spronck and Sally Wyatt (2025), Maastricht University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits reuse, distribution, and adaptation, provided appropriate credit is given.

Document

Denise Petzold, Laura Barendregt, Ruth Benschop, Anna Harris, Laudy van den Heuvel, Bernike Pasveer, Veerle Spronck, Sally Wyatt

September 15, 2025

FiReGlass - Glass beams with defined fire resistance

In this recorded presentation from glasstec 2024, Maximilian Möckel, from TU Dresden, discusses fire resistent glass beams. In the construction industry, the application of load-bearing laminated safety glass (LSG), such as glass beams or glass columns, is of particular importance in terms of preventive structural fire protection. LSG with a transformation temperature of individual components of up to 550 °C conse-quently loses its load-bearing capacity. In co-operation between Hero Fire GmbH, Taupitz GmbH & Co. KG and the Institute of Building Construction of the TUD Dresden University of Technology, LSG-beams were developed for use as load-bearing elements with defined fire resistance. The newly developed FiReGlass beam compris-es a load-bearing LSG core, which is protected from the fire exposure by two protection systems. The glass surfaces and lower glass edges are protected by an all-round protection system compris-ing fire protection gel and sacrificial panes. This system is integrated into the support structure. These new developments enable the realization of comprehensive fire protection and defined fire resistance. For further details, please refer to the linked publication. Special thanks to Messe Düsseldorf GmbH for providing the footage, and to Maximilian Möckel for contributing to the Open GLASSroom OER collection. The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2022-1-DE01-KA220-HED-000089750. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources.

Video

Maximilian Möckel

September 1, 2025

Self-assessment B2 of CEFR

This is a self-assessment checklist for B2 of the CEFR, based on the Companion Volume of the Common European Framework of Reference

UASDocument

Council of Europe