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MBO

January 8, 2026

De uitvinding van het schrift in Mesopotamië

Dit lesmateriaal bestaat uit een volledige powerpointpresentatie De uitvinding van het schrift in Mesopotamië met een uitgebreide docentenhandleiding. Het is bedoeld voor leerlingen van klas 1 t/m 4 binnen de vakken Geschiedenis, Grieks en Latijn (geschikt voor MAVO, HAVO en VWO/Gymnasium). Leerlingen onderzoeken hoe het Mesopotamische spijkerschrift is ontstaan en welke rol schrift speelde in handel, administratie en stedelijke ontwikkeling. Door te werken met online 3D modellen of fysieke 3D prints leren zij hoe kleitabletten eruitzagen, welke typen teksten erop voorkwamen en hoe vorm en lay-out samenhangen met het soort tekst. De les biedt bovendien een waardevolle verbreding van het oudheidcurriculum: door voorbij Griekenland en Rome te kijken, ontdekken leerlingen dat innovatie en schriftcultuur ook buiten het westerse narratief een rijke geschiedenis hebben. De presentatie bestaat uit drie delen; deel 3 is optioneel. De docentenhandleiding bevat per slide een toelichting en duidelijke instructies voor het werken met de 3D modellen tijdens het groepswerk in deel 2. De slides kun je direct gebruiken of aanpassen aan jouw onderwijscontext. Voor deel 2 kun je kiezen tussen de gratis online 3D modellen of fysieke 3D prints (gratis te leen via de Universiteitsbibliotheek VU). Voor deel 1 en 2 samen is minimaal één lesuur nodig; deel 3 duurt circa 10-15 minuten.

Document

Michèle Meijer, Aidan Houtkamp

July 1, 2025

KU 001: 3D model of clay tablet

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet is inscribed with Old Babylonian signs. Its purpose and content remain unclear. Period: Old Babylonian (c. 19th-16th centuries BCE). Provenance: unknown. Language: Sumerian. Personal names: Abi-turi. Material: clay. Dimensions: ± 0,9 cm Ø. Weight: 1.45 g.

Printable object

Aidan Houtkamp, Linde Voorend

July 1, 2025

Digital replicas of clay tablets from the VU special collections

This collection consists of 16 digitized clay tablets from the VU special collections, as well as some other 3D printed objects that were created over the last few years. The clay tablets have been 3D scanned for you to use in education, both digitally and physically. Every publication below includes: A picture of the clay tablet. A 3D model that can be used digitally and can be 3D printed. Technical instructions for 3D printing the model. Information on the original clay tablet and a link to the original object in the VU image base. Some of the digitized clay tablets are linked to a lesson plan on how to use them in higher and secondary education. If this is the case, the publication of that digitized clay tablet will include a link to that lesson plan. Moreover, the links underneath lead you to an information page on the possibilities for 3D printing at the VU, the VU image base, in which the original clay tablets are metadated and a practical outreach about the 3D scanning process.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets

July 1, 2025

KU 046: 3D model of Early Dynastic clay tablet.

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet contains an account of emmer and barley wheat distributed by an official to named individuals. It includes two subtotals and a total that comes out to 1452 ban. Period: Early Dynastic. Provenance: possibly Larsa region. Language: Sumerian. Material: clay. Dimensions: 5,5 x 5,4 x 3,1 cm. Weight: 142,60 g.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets, Aidan Houtkamp

July 1, 2025

KU 036: 3D model of Early Dynastic clay tablet.

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet contains a Jemdet Nasr type text. The obverse of the tablet is an account of grain distributed to named individuals. The obverse provides the total grain distribution. Period: Early Dynastic. Provenance: possibly Larsa region. Language: Sumerian. Material: clay. Dimensions: 8,3 x 5,7 x 1,6 cm. Weight: 101,85 g

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets, Aidan Houtkamp

July 1, 2025

KU 003: 3D model of UR III clay tablet

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet accounts for four sheep that had been fed on barley. Period: Ur III (c. 2150-2000 BCE). Date: Šu-Suen 1; intercalary month; Drehim XII. Provenance: Drehim, Iraq. Language: Sumerian. Personal names: Inta'ea (?). Material: clay. Dimensions: 3,8 x 3,3 x 1,2 cm. Weight: 20,82 g.

Printable object

Aidan Houtkamp, Linde Voorend

July 1, 2025

KU 014: 3D model of Neo-Babylonian clay tablet

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet is a Neo-Babylonian legal document from the archive of the Rē'i-alpi family in Borsippa. The Achaemenid capital, Susa, is mentioned. Period: Neo-Babylonian (c. 7th-6th centuries BCE). Date: Darius I 18. Provenance: Borsippa. Language: Akkadian. Personal names: Rēmūt-Nabû son of Nabû-mukīn-zēri of the Rē’i-alpi family, Bazuzu, [x]-Nabû/Mušēzib-Marduk / Ilšu-abūšu, Nabû-zēru-ukīn / Nabû-ahhē-šullim / Mallāhu, Nabû-šumu-uṣur / Šarrahu, Nabû- uṣuršu, Bēl-iddin / Ibnāya, Nabû-bullissu / Lâbâši-Marduk / Illi-bani. Material: clay. Dimensions: 4,3 x 5,6 x 1,5 cm. Weight: 41,26 g.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets

July 1, 2025

KU 028: 3D model of UR III clay tablet.

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet is a receipt of 19 livestock (oxen, cows, goats, and sheep) fattened with barley for the gods Enlil and Ninlil to be given in Nippur. It mentions the kings arrival. The tablet obverse, reverse, and edges are marked with illegible seal impressions. Period: Ur III (c. 2150-2000 BCE). Date: Ibbi-Suen 2; Drehim I. Provenance: Drehim. Language: Sumerian. Personal names: Aba-Enlil-gim, Puzur-Enlil, Šešdada (šarabdu official), Nur-Suena (šatam official), Pumwaqar, Irmu. Material: clay. Dimensions: 6,9 x 4,0 x 1.7 cm. Weight: 66,24 g.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets

July 1, 2025

KU 029: 3D model of UR III clay tablet.

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet is a receipt for a delivery of the king, in which Nasa delivered a mother mountain ewe to Lugulhamati. Period: Ur III (c. 2150-2000 BCE). Date: Šulgi 42/43. Provenance: Drehim. Language: Sumerian. Personal names: Nasa, Lugalḫamati. Material: clay. Dimensions: 2,6 x 2,4 x 1,2 cm. Weight: 10,74 g.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets

July 1, 2025

KU 030: 3D model of UR III clay tablet.

This publication contains a replica of a historical clay tablet of the special collections of the VU University Library. The original tablet is an Old Akkadian school exercise to practice a year name. Period: Ur III (c. 2150-2000 BCE). Date: Shulgi 48. Provenance: unknown. Language: Sumerian. Material: clay. Dimensions: 2,2 x 2,9 x 1,0 cm. Weight: 9,21 g.

Printable object

Linde Voorend, Kim Dibbets