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Teaching ethics - educational formats

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June 13, 2022

Anti-Value Sensitive Design - Educational format

This exercise is for students who are already familiar with the methodology of Value Sensitive Design by having had multiple lessons on the theory. The format offered here is a fun and practical application to help students see the real consequences of the ideas they have been learning about, by intentionally reversing the goals to see how outcomes are affected. It is a pedagogical approach to provide students a humorous and inventive way of seeing the importance of Value-Sensitive Design, by instead implementing its opposite. Anti-Value Sensitive Design (AVSD) is identical to VSD except that the values chosen will be negative: replacing fairness with unfairness, and so on. In VSD methodology, the key is understanding that values must be part of technological design and must be consciously distinguished early in the design process. In this exercise, students will make a pitch to an “Evil Boss” highlighting “anti-values” and see how designs are impacted.

Document

Michael Nagenborg, Miranda Nell

June 5, 2022

Ethical matrixes and how to design them - Educational format

This exercise is about the ethical matrix as a tool for reflection and evaluation in ethics. Students will learn what such a matrix entails and will design matrixes themselves. They will specify the cells or their matrixes and discuss the usefulness of this conceptual tool. Ethical matrixes can help to analyse the different duties and responsibilities of moral actors involved in a specific ethical situation. In principle, an ethical matrix can be used to make a morally neutral analysis. The matrixes require a specific topic to be filled in. They can also help to make a rational political decision-process easier by formulating the issues at stake in a transparent and generally understandable and acceptable manner. They can be used for individual considerations as well. As ethical matrixes help to explore the moral positions of all involved stakeholders, they offer a just/fair assessment. Finally, ethical matrixes can aid in tracing weaker principles and possible compromises.

Document

Bart Gremmen

June 5, 2022

Techno-moral scenarios - Educational format

: In this module, students are confronted with a possible future scenario in which a specific future application of a novel technology is imagined along with all the consequences, good and bad, it may have. Such a techno-moral scenario (called a ‘vignette’) stimulates students in formulating emotions, arguments and questions. By researching such questions through moral scenarios, students learn about the specifics of certain applications. Students are asked to make a techno-moral scenario themselves. They will have to imagine what a society would look like if a specific new technology was broadly adopted in 25-50 years from now. Students should formulate a narrative that helps reflect on potential dilemmas and present it in an audio-visual manner. These lessons are meant to prepare students for a future in which these developments become more common, in order to discuss which developments are desirable.

Document

Zoë Robaey

February 21, 2022

Ethical Cycle (Educational Format)

The ethical cycle is a helpful tool in structuring and improving moral decisions, especially in the context of teaching practical ethics. With improving moral decision-making we aim at a situation in which the decision-maker makes at least a systematic and thorough analysis of the moral problem and is able to justify his final decisions in moral terms. Ultimately, moral problem solving is directed at finding the morally best, or at least a morally acceptable, action in a given situation in which a moral problem arises. It is, however, hard to guarantee that the ethical cycle indeed delivers such a solution, if only because people may reasonably disagree about what is the morally best, or a morally acceptable, solution.

Document

L. Royakkers, Ibo van de Poel

July 29, 2021

Proposal for Representing Future Generations (Educational Format)

Some technological innovations that are currently being developed might have extreme consequences for the future of humanity, potentially either salvatory or catastrophic. This exercise offers a method to discuss such technologies with, as students will assume the position of the (fictional) Institute of Representation of Future Generations and will have to conceive of future strategies, obstacles, anticipation and policies to optimise ethical outcomes

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Roel Veraart, Bernice Bovenkerk

July 29, 2021

Basic Ethical Deliberation

In this exercise students will discuss several ethical cases about [today’s topic]. They will learn to deliberate ethically in a step-by-step manner. A key objective is to teach students how to distinguish utilitarian from deontological arguments. Students will identify different types of argumentation and present their results plenary.

Document

Marcel Verweij, Roel Veraart

July 29, 2021

Taking Stock of Feelings (Educational Format)

This exercise is a short, activating method to open a class, course or topic with. Students are asked to list their moral emotions and feelings while [today’s topic] is introduced. The exercise can either be used as a quick, fresh way to open with, or as a preparation for another (SURF) exercise. A suggestion for a follow-up assignment in which students create a techno-moral scenario is also included here.

Document

Roel Veraart

July 29, 2021

Future News

This exercise offers an innovative working method to do in class or online. Students will do a small bit of research and use their findings to write a fictive news article from the future to consider consequences of applications of [the technology at stake]. The fictive writing-assignments offer an opportunity for students to reflects on an ethical issue by means of narrative. Articles can be shared among the group when finished.W

Document

Roel Veraart, Zoë Robaey

July 28, 2021

Cambridge Debate (Educational Format)

Debating in Cambridge-style is an exercise that trains students to craft arguments in a formal and concise manner. Although quite challenging, the Cambridge-debate should be doable already for first-year students of Bachelor’s. The debate is an effective way of developing broad academic skills such as argumentation, communication, critical thinking. Students will work in groups, they get half an hour to prepare and will have to speak up for at least 30 seconds each individually. The function of the Cambridge-debate is twofold. Firstly, it is a good practice in arguing about ethical questions. Secondly, it helps oneself to inhabit somebody else’s position. This comes with the advantage that students do need to have strong opinions themselves, as they are assigned either the pro or con position by the teacher, regardless of their preferences. The exercise is about practicing good argumentation, not about who is right. The Cambridge-style debate is suitable for virtually every possible ethical topic, as long as several strong propositions to discuss have been formulated beforehand by the instructor.

Document

Roel Veraart, Beatrijs Haverkamp

July 28, 2021

Literature Snippets & Gallery Walk (Educational Format)

This exercise is meant to help students methodically read and dissect a complex text. The [article for today] will be split in three parts. The students will all be assigned one such ‘Snippet’ per group. This allows them to (re-)read the literature closely and to discuss aspects of the text with their peers. Besides close-reading the text, students can also make an assignment. The instructor can assign specific assignments to each group. Afterwards, when the reading is done and students have made documents with answers, the Gallery Walk can be done. In this exercise, students form ‘stations’ at their tables, where they can present their findings to visiting classmates. They will then interact with each other’s documents and designs to form a lively discussion on the ethics of [today’s topic] and will start to grasp the major challenges at stake.

Document

Roel Veraart