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HBO/WO

MBO

1 juni 2021

Unit 6: Integrating sources, academic language

Videos: Video 12: Integrating material from sources Video 13: Academic Register Video 14: Tentative and objective language Homework task(s): Hand in Assignment 3: Essay Outline Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Tutor introduces Assignment 4: Final Essay Exercise on using and integrating sources Consider one of your case study texts. Find a number of instances where the author refers to a source. • Do they use quotations? If so, how do they bring in the quote? • Do they paraphrase? • Why do you think they refer to a source here? Exercise on academic language In one of your case study texts, find and annotate examples of the following: • Words and phrases that are in academic register • Tentative or cautious language • Instances where the author refers to themselves (are there any?) Peer review of paragraphs Take the paragraph you wrote for Assignment 3: Essay Outline (including citations) and swap it with a partner. Read your partner's paragraph. Consider the following questions: • Is there a clear topic sentence that captures the main point of the paragraph? • What kind of supporting material does your partner use (quotes, paraphrases, examples)? • When your partner uses material from sources, is it correctly integrated and cited? Write brief feedback to help your partner improve their paragraph.

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 januari 2021

Introduction to Academic Research

This is the textbook (reader) for the course Introduction to Academic Research, taught at the Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen. This is a compilation of four chapters from 3 different textbooks that are classified as open educational resources (OER) and together provide the accompanying literature for the course. The chapters cover the following topics: Academic research and the research process What are spatial sciences? Theories in scientific research Research ethics The original sources of the chapters in this textbook are mentioned on every page. These texts are taken almost verbatim from the mentioned sources; small adjustments have been made for the consistency of referencing, providing a little context, or aligning the numbering of sections.

Open (Access) Tekst Boek

Sander van Lanen

2023

Communication 1. Academic English Rubric Attainment level 1

Understand lectures, debates and texts and use a sufficient range of English language to give clear descriptions, express viewpoints and develop arguments, using a good range of academic vocabulary for matters connected to their field.

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Auteur onbekend

1 juni 2021

Unit 1: Introduction: reading well

Videos: Video 1: Introduction Video 2: Reading well Homework task(s): Read the introductory text. Make notes on the following three questions: • What does the author want to argue? • How does the author underpin their argument? • Does the argumentation convince you? Why or why not? Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Tutor introduces Assignment 1: Library Assignment and Assignment 2: Critical Reflection Discussion questions on [introductory text] • What is the main point the author wishes to make? • What are the arguments the author puts forward? • What evidence does the author use to support their arguments? • What kind of language does the author use when expressing their point of view? • Does the author argue, or do they just express their opinion? How do you know? Exercise on language use in [introductory text] In [introductory text], how does the author use language to communicate with the reader? Find and annotate examples of language use for the following (try to find two or three examples for each): • Expressing caution 'might', 'may', çould'etc. • Expressing certainty: 'definitely', ít is clear that'etc. • Expressing the author's attitude: 'únfortunately, Í agree', 'suprisingly' etc. • Adressing/involving the reader: 'consider', 'note that', ýou can see that'etc. • Self-mentions; Í', 'we', 'my', 'our'etc.

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 8: Introductions and conclusions, paraphrasing, writing forum

Videos: Video 17: Introducing and concluding your essay Homework task(s): Write out the body of your essay Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Exercise on introductions and conclusions (using a sample essay, otherwise a case study text) 1. Find the introduction and conclusion. 2. Highlight/annotate the following elements: • Introduction a) Establishing the field b) Research gap c) Thesis statement • Conclusion a) Restatement of thesis b) Summary of argumentation c) Ideas for future research Are any elements missing? Is there anything extra that is not on this list? Exercise on paraphrasing Using one of your case study articles: 1. Find a place in the text where a journal article is referenced, but not directly quoted. 2. Go to the Reference list and track down the original journal article using the library catalogue. 3. Open the original article. • Do you think the author of the case study article has paraphrased a specific section of this source, or have they summarised the source? • If you think the source was paraphrased, can you find the section that was paraphrased? Peer review exercise on integrating sources Swap essay drafts with a partner. Make notes on the following questions: 1. Has your partner used direct quotations? • If so, are they properly integrated (not 'floating?) 2. Has your partner used paraphrases? • If possible, open the original source text. How similar is the paraphrase to the source text? 3. Are all quotations and paraphrases adequately cited? Prepare written feedback for your partner. If time, share and discuss your feedback together.

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 2: Taking a critical stance, using sources and avoiding plagiarism [LIBRARY TUTORIAL; assignment koppelen]

Videos: Video 3: The role of sources Video 4: Why we cite & Plagiarism Homework task(s): Complete Assignment 1: Library Tutorial (Ask your own library, or see this example: https://search.edusources.nl/materialen/fb8124eb-52bc-42ef-95fc-0db6bce4bfba) Complete a draft of Assignment 2: Critical Reflection (See Teacher’s Handbook for the Academic Reading and Writing module) Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Discussion questions to detect bias (positive or negative) in [introductory text] • Is the author a known expert in the field or topic, with a background and credentials that can be easily verified? • Does the author use strong or emotional language, present opinion as fact, or employ the use of stereotypes in order to express his or her attitudes? • Does the author present information gathered from source materials both accurately and within the proper context? • Are there any flaws in the selection of source materials, the performance of analysis, or the design of methodology, which might suggest a deliberate attempt to satisfy or support a predetermined argument, outcome, or opinion? (Source: HSU Resource Database) Discussion questions on using sources and avoiding plagiarism • Why do we use sources? • What is citation and why do we do it? • What is plagiarism? What can you do to avoid it? Class quiz to explore plagiarism For each scenario below, decide whether it is a case of plagiarism [answers in brackets]: • Copying some of the work of one of your classmates [YES] • Copying and pasting from a source, citing the source, but not using quotation marks [YES] • Translating a part of a non-English article (e.g. in Chinese or French) and not giving a citation [YES] • Using information that constitutes general knowledge, and not giving a citation [NO]

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 3: Introducing the case studies, citation using CMS, paragraph structure

Videos: Video 5: what needs to be cited Video 6: How to cite sources Video 7: Using paragraphs Homework task(s): Write a draft of Assignment 2: Critical Reflection Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Tutor introduces the case studies and asks students to choose their case study Exercise on what (not) to cite Using the list below, discuss which examples would need to be cited and which constitute general knowledge: • The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country located in central Africa formerly known as Zaire. • The Congo was once under Belgian rule. The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960. • Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu officially came to power on 25th November 1965, by means of coup d'état. Scholars often refer to Mobutu's rise to power as an example of a Cold War cult of personality. • A coup d’état is the sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group. Discussion questions on paragraphs • What is a paragraph? • How many topics should you cover in one paragraph? • What structure should a paragraph have? Exercise to practise CMS citation (Notes & Bibliography style): • Work with a partner to create CMS citation(s) for [introductory text] in CMS Notes and Bibliography style. • Create a note, a shortened note and a reference list entry. • Implement these citations in your critical reflection draft. Peer review of Critical Reflection (Assignment 2) drafts Swap drafts with a partner. Read your partner's draft and make notes on the following points: a. Has your partner provided a summary and a critical assessment of the text? b. Is the draft structured in paragraphs? Does each paragraph represent one topic? c. How does your partner bring in the source text (quotes, paraphrases)? Write feedback for your partner.

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 4: Argumentation, identifying a research problem and formulating a thesis statement

Videos: Video 8: What is an argumentative essay? Video 9: What do you want to argue? Homework task(s): Read assigned case study materials Hand in Assignment 2: Critical Reflection Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Exercise on argumentation in case study texts In groups, using a case study article: 1. What is the research gap that the article aims to address? 2. Identify the central idea or central argument of the article. • How is it expressed in the text? • Where is it expressed in the text? • What is the relation with the research gap that you identified in (1)? 3. Does the author argue for one point of view, or evaluate different perspectives? Discussion questions on thesis statements • What is a thesis statement, and how is it different from a research question? • What makes a good thesis statement? • Are these good or bad thesis statements? - ‘Urbanisation increases the population of cities.’ - ‘Are people who live in cities healthier?’ - ‘Urbanisation is driven by people moving from rural areas, by people in cities having more children, and by longer lifespans in cities.’ - ‘On balance, cities and urban living today have important health advantages, particularly in the developing world.’ * *this thesis statement is taken from Leon, David A. “Cities, urbanization and health”, International Journal of Epidemiology 37, no. 1 (2008): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym271

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 7: Cohesion within and between paragraphs, linking words and signposting language

Videos: Video 15: Flow between sentences Video 16: Linking words and signposting language Homework task(s): Review and improve the paragraph you included for your Assignment 3: Essay Outline Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Exercise on linking words and signposting language Come up with examples of linking words (or phrases) for each of the functions below: • Adding information, reinforcing your argument • Providing examples • Indicating a contrast • Rejecting a counter-argument • Drawing a conclusion Group exercise on flow/cohesion in case study articles Using the case study articles: Step 1: In groups of 4, each pair of students focuses on one level of flow: • Students 1 and 2 focus on flow within paragraphs • Students 3 and 4 focus on flow between paragraphs Step 2: Explain your findings to the group. Do you think the article is well organised? Why / why not?

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker

1 juni 2021

Unit 9: Revision strategies, writing forum

Videos: Video 18: Avoiding typical errors Video 19: Revising your work Homework task(s): Write out an introduction and a conclusion to your essay Suggested tasks for the tutorial: Class discussion questions on typical errors • What were the typical writing errors introduced in the video? • What can you do to avoid those errors? • What do you find difficult when writing essays? Self-reflection exercise about revision What steps should you go through to review and revise your own writing? In pairs/small groups, create a checklist that you could use to review your own work. Tip: look back through the course materials to make sure you capture all the different aspects of writing. Peer review of full essay drafts Swap essay drafts with a partner. Use the checklist that you just created to review your partner's work. Prepare feedback for your partner: • What have they done well? • What could be improved? When you've finished your review: is there anything that you would now like to add to your revision checklist?

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Philomeen Dol, Elly Dutton, Bryan O'Donovan, Gea Hakker