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Zoekresultaten (41)

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MBO

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Santiago

This trend report looks into the effect of air pollution on the urban network of Santiago, the capital of Chile. Air pollution is caused by several anthropogenic factors and enhanced by the specific topographic and meteorological circumstances in Santiago. The sources of air pollution are outlined and quantified and several suggestions to mitigate these sources are given. These suggestions can create social inequality, this is an ethical implication that is looked at. A solution strategy in the form of a monitoring network consisting of cheap IoT sensors is presented.

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Gijs Vis

5 oktober 2020

Air Pollution in Tokyo

This report investigates the effect of air pollution on Tokyo. The global effects of air pollution on human health and environment are mentioned. Next, the historical context and current status of air pollution in Tokyo are mentioned and evaluated. The most impacted sector is identified, and projections are made how these effects will develop under climate change until 2050. In addition, the current ethical consequences of the presence of the shock are identified. Next, different solution strategies are found and evaluated, including policy based and technological solutions. Technologies mentioned are hydrogen and urban vegetation. Policies include increased laws and regulations, or increased investment in public transport. Lastly, the ethical consequences of these solutions strategies are mentioned, as well as the resources needed for monitoring of the effectiveness of these solution strategies. A potential stress is the increased negative effect on human health by the deterioration the air quality, making people unable to breath the air in the most affected areas. The most present solution strategies include lowering the amount of exhaust fumes, lowering the amount of air pollutants released by industrial activity, and the capture of already present pollutants by urban vegetation.

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Sjoerd Heegstra

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Shanghai

This paper uses Shanghai as an example to analyze urban resilience in relation to the potential shocks and stresses caused by air pollution. Shocks such as smog and acid rain may cause damages to the economy, community and environment of the city. Stresses, on the other hand, will affect the city in the long run. It is also more difficult to remove stresses from the urban systems in comparison to shocks. For air pollution in Shanghai, stresses could be climate change, increasing population, increasing vehicle demand, and increasing emissions due to economic growth. Multi-level solutions are proposed in this paper targeting the shocks and stresses. At personal level, the importance of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and Environment Health and Safety (EHS) policies is discussed; at national level, enforcing environmental tax and investing in New Energy Vehicles (NEV) would also help to reduce the effects of shocks and stresses. In addition, some practical engineering solutions are introduced. For further discussion, ethical issues implied in this paper are raised. For example, some protective measures are suggested in the paper, but how to evaluate the implementation of these measures and how to ensure the vulnerable groups are protected when they are affected by the air pollution? To summarize, this paper focuses on the urban resilience in shanghai and includes topics about problems, solutions, and open discussions that are related to air pollution.

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Qinying Zha

5 oktober 2020

Air pollution in Jakarta

In the recent years Jakarta has infamously reached the top 10 of most polluted cities in the world. Due to an increase in population, climate change, modernization and industrialization of Indonesia and Jakarta. The main sources of its pollution are vehicle emissions, heavy industry, burning of organic matter, construction and dust, and its citizens now have carry the burden. After large increases in disease, deaths and economic costs the cities regulators have finally accepted that measurements have to be taken and, together with NGO’s, taken action in the form of measurements and a roadmap to 2030. In the plan, vast infrastructural projects are proposed to improve connectivity in the city and encourage the use of public transport. Furthermore, plans to implement and enforce emission standards and regulations for private vehicles and heavy industry are proposed. Finally, they plan to handle Jakartas large waste crisis in the suburbs and informal housing, which is currently mostly burned, as citizens see no other way to dispose of it. The regulators plans are ambitious, and will certainly improve the standard of living for the whole city after completion. However, during its implementation it will have vast consequences for thousands of citizens as these infrastructure projects will require the demolition of thousands of houses. If new regulations and policies are too restrictive it can harm the lower-class citizens and economic growth. A final problem is finance, the plans are not only ambitious, they are also incredibly expensive. It will require the cooperation of the private and public sector, as well the intergovernmental cooperation between different branches to ensure these plans can be successful. Fortunately, the air quality is easy to measure, as the stations used in previous air quality monitoring studies, together with the enforcement of emission standards can be used to monitor how the air quality will increase as each phase of the plan is implemented. A careful balance and timeline has to be crafted to implement new regulations and infrastructure projects, but in the end, the citizens will reap the benefit.

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Jasper Krijn

24 oktober 2017

Introduction to Air Quality in Amsterdam

Air quality in Amsterdam is not as good as it seems. Polluted air ranks third on the list of health risks in Amsterdam, directly following smoking cigarettes. This video is a broadcast by Groen Licht (‘Green Light’), a television program by one of the Dutch public broadcasting corporations, which is devoted to sustainability initiatives. Presenter Milouska Meulens explores air pollution in Amsterdam. She talks with fellow citizens about how they experience air pollution and together with dr. Bert Heusinkveld of Wageningen University, she investigates the actual levels of air pollution and the differences that exist between different streets in Amsterdam. The field recording in below video by Dr. Bert Heusinkveld on air quality in Amsterdam has been reused with permission from Groen Licht. It is part of the episode that aired on 5 December 2016. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Explain shocks and stresses on critical services and infrastructures (CSIs) of STE systems resulting from a range of disastrous events. DURATION: 1 short video (~9 minutes long)

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Bert Heusinkveld

24 februari 2019

The Haze in everyday city life

Over the past few years, public concern about the health effects of air pollution has increased considerably in China. PM2.5 became a buzzword online and the state of the air quality is a common topic of discussion among citizens. The attention to air pollution and PM2.5 has been fostered by a number of events: The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, the US Embassy that started tweeting in 2008, PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, the APEC-conference in 2014, and the launch of the documentary ‘Under the Dome’ in 2015. To get a sense of the impact of the haze on citizens’ everyday lives, we visited some of Beijing’s citizens. We discussed the air quality in their city and how they try to mitigate the negative effects of air pollution. In the next video, you will meet Mrs. Ying. Like many of Beijing’s citizens, she lives with her family and child in an apartment building in a dense urban area. Fan Yechao, PhD candidate in environmental sociology at Renmin University of China, will ask her how she experiences the haze and how she tries to mitigate its negative effects on her and her child. She shows you the facemasks she wears when pollution levels are high and her air purifiers, of which she has three in her apartment. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand and apply tools and methods for analyzing complex governance arrangements and for facilitating meaningful engagement in a multi-actor context. DURATION: 1 short video (~8 min long)

Website

Fan Yechao

18 juni 2022

Public Health and Safety – Development of Computer Code (Student version)

Students analyse a moral case of transparency regarding pollution in engineering. By going through the steps of the ethical cycle, students get to individually analyse various drafted options for actions by means of various ethical frameworks. Based on these analyses, students reflect on what according to them is the most morally responsible option for action and write down a final recommendation.

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Lambèr Royakkers

18 juni 2022

Public Health and Safety – Development of Computer Code (Teacher version)

Students analyse a moral case of transparency regarding pollution in engineering. By going through the steps of the ethical cycle, students get to individually analyse various drafted options for actions by means of various ethical frameworks. Based on these analyses, students reflect on what according to them is the most morally responsible option for action and write down a final recommendation.

Document

Lambèr Royakkers

25 oktober 2023

Different Scenarios of Plastic Pollution

About the long term effects of plastics in the environment (antropocene, plasticene).

Video

Esperanza.huertalwanga@wur.nl

14 oktober 2017

Beijing's Citizens Coping with the Haze

The story of Mrs. Ying is far from unique. Many citizens shield themselves from the haze and take extreme measures to do so. In this video, prof. Gert Spaargaren will show you the different ways in which Beijing’s citizens try to mitigate the negative effects of air pollution. He will further explore what citizens’ responses mean for structural solutions to the haze and how their responses can be explained by the socio-political contexts of Chinese cities. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand and apply tools and methods for analyzing complex governance arrangements and for facilitating meaningful engagement in a multi-actor context. DURATION: 1 short video (~6 min long)

Website

Gert Spaargaren